The information below is a Pre-Kindergarten through grade 6 progression of math skill strands. The colored box indicates when a math skill is first introduced at a specific grade level. The drop-down link labeled show or hide list of math strands provides the progression at each grade level that the introduced skill is built upon. Some grade levels will be noted with a comment: No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle. This comment indicates that the specific skill is not directly taught at that grade level, but it is “fair game” that the math skill may be assessed on the FCAT 2.0. The expectation for the Next Generation Sunshine Standards is that the math skills are mastered at the appropriate grade level.
Click the links below to show or hide list.
Whole Numbers and Integers
Introduced in Grade Pre-K
- Count and knows the sequence of number names (spoken, written) 1-15.
- Grade K - Represent quantities with numbers up to 20.
- Grade 1 - Create and use increasingly sophisticated strategies to add whole numbers.
- Grade 2 - Identify relationships between the digits and their place values through the thousands.
- Grade 3 - Represent, compute, estimate, and solve problems using numbers through hundred thousands.
- Grade 4 - Use numbers through millions.
- Grade 5 - Determine the prime factorization of numbers.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Shows understanding of how to count and construct sets.
- Grade K - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 1 - Compare and order whole numbers at least to 100.
- Grade 2 - Identify and name numbers through thousands in terms of place value and apply this knowledge to expanded notation.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - Recall multiplication and division facts easily.
- Grade 5 - Describe real-world situations using positive and negative numbers.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Shows understanding by participation in the comparison of quantities.
- Grade K - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 1 - Order counting numbers, compare their relative magnitudes, and represent numbers on a number line.
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Introduced in Grade K
- Represent quantities with numbers up to 20.
- Grade 1 - Create and use increasingly sophisticated strategies to add whole numbers.
- Grade 2 - Identify relationships between the digits and their place values through the thousands.
- Grade 3 - Represent, compute, estimate, and solve problems using numbers through hundred thousands.
- Grade 4 - Use numbers through millions.
- Grade 5 - Determine the prime factorization of numbers.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Introduced in Grade 1
- Represent two digit numbers in terms of tens and ones.
- Grade 2 - Compare and order multi-digit numbers through the thousands.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - Compare, order, and graph integers.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Estimation
Introduced in Grade 2
- Estimate solutions to multi-digit addition and subtraction problems through three digits.
- Grade 3 - Represent, compute, estimate and solve problems using numbers through hundred thousands.
- Grade 4 - Estimate and describe reasonableness.
- Grade 5 - Estimate quotients.
- Grade 6 - Estimate the results of computations with fractions, decimals, and percents, and verify reasonableness.
- Estimate using standard units to partition and measure lengths of objects.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - Determine appropriateness of an estimate versus an exact answer.
- Grade 5 - Calculate quotients mentally.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Estimate, select an appropriate tool, measure, and/or compute lengths to solve problems.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - Estimate in real-world problems without operations.
- Grade 5 - Estimate sums and differences of fractions and decimals, and use rounding.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Fractions
Introduced in Grade 3
- Represent fractions, including fractions greater than one, using area, set and linear models.
- Grade 4 - Represent common fractions as decimals.
- Grade 5 - Represent addition and subtraction using models with like and unlike denominators.
- Grade 6 - Explain and justify procedures for multiplication and division.
- Describe how the size of the fractional part is related to the number of equal sized pieces.
- Grade 4 - Locate fractions on a number line.
- Grade 5 - Add and subtract fractions fluently.
- Grade 6 - Multiply and divide fractions efficiently, including real-world problems.
- Compare and order fractions, including fractions greater than one.
- Grade 4 - Relate equivalent fractions with and without models.
- Grade 5 - Estimate sums and differences by rounding.
- Grade 6 - Use equivalent forms of fractions, decimals, and percents.
- Use models to represent equivalent fractions, including fractions greater than one, and identify representations of equivalence.
- Grade 4 - Estimate fractions in real-world problems.
- Grade 5 - Define the benchmark fractions.
- Grade 6 - Compare and order fractions, decimals, and percents, including using a number line.
Introduced in Grade 4
- Decimals may have an equivalent fraction where the denominator is (or can be) a power of 10.
- Grade 5 - Identify and relate prime and composite numbers, factors and multiples within the context of fractions.
- Grade 6 - Estimate the results of computations with fractions, and verify reasonableness.
- Write equivalent fractions.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Simplify fractions.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Find factors and multiples of whole numbers to find common denominators.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Write common fractions as decimals and percents, including halves, fourths, tenths, and hundredths only.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Decimals
- Introduced in Grade 4
- Use decimals through the thousandths place to name numbers between whole numbers.
- Grade 5 - Represent addition and subtraction using models and place value.
- Grade 6 - Explain and justify procedures for multiplication and division.
- Describe decimals as an extension of the base-ten number system.
- Grade 5 - Add and subtract decimals fluently, and verify reasonableness.
- Grade 6 - Multiply and divide decimals efficiently, including real-world problems.
- Relate equivalent decimals with and without models.
- Grade 5 - Estimate sums and differences by rounding.
- Grade 6 - Use equivalent forms of fractions, decimals, and percents.
- Compare and order decimals.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - Compare and order fractions, decimals, and percents including using a number line.
- Fractions have an equivalent decimal when the denominator is a power of 10.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - Estimate the results of computations with decimals, and verify reasonableness.
- Write common fractions as decimals, including halves, fourths, tenths, and hundredths.
Percents
- Introduced in Grade 4
- Write common fractions as percents, including halves, fourths, tenths, and hundredths only.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - Use equivalent forms of fractions, decimals, and percents.
Exponents
Introduced in Grade 5
- Use order of operations including exponents and parentheses.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Expressions
- Introduced in Grade Pre-K
- Recognize, duplicate, and describe patterns and non-patterns.
- Grade K - Identify and duplicate simple number and non-numeric repeating and growing patterns.
- Grade 1 - Model addition and subtraction situations.
- Grade 2 - Recall basic addition and related subtraction facts. Add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers through three digits with fluency by using a variety of strategies.
- Grade 3 - Model multiplication and division.
- Grade 4 - Multiply multi-digit whole numbers through four digits fluently, including solving real-world problems.
- Grade 5 - Find quotients involving multi-digit dividends using models, place value, properties, and the relationship of division to multiplication.
- Grade 6 - Write and evaluate mathematical expressions in real-world situations.
- Introduced in Grade Pre-K
- Shows understanding of addition and subtraction using a concrete set of objects.
- Grade K - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 1 - Identify, describe, and apply addition and subtraction as inverse operations.
- Grade 2 - Extend number patterns to build a foundation for understanding multiples and factors, like skip counting by 2's, 5's, and 10's.
- Grade 3 - Solve multiplication and division fact problems by using strategies that result from applying number properties.
- Grade 4 - Generate algebraic rules based on number patterns for all four operations.
- Grade 5 - Use order of operations including exponents and parentheses.
- Grade 6 - Solve problems using a formula.
- Use counting strategies, number patterns, and models to solve basic addition and subtraction problems.
- Grade 2 - Classify numbers as odd or even and explain why.
- Grade 3 - Identify, describe, and apply division and multiplication as inverse operations.
- Grade 4 - Describe mathematical relationships using expressions and visual representations.
- Grade 5 - Divide multi-digit whole numbers fluently, including solving real-world problems.
- Grade 6 - Apply the Commutative, Associative, and Distributive Properties to show expressions are equivalent.
- Extend repeating and growing patterns, fill in missing terms, and justify reasoning.
- Grade 2 - Generalize numeric and non-numeric patterns using words and tables.
- Grade 3 - Create, analyze, and represent patterns and relationships using words, variables, tables and graphs.
- Grade 4 - Recognize and write algebraic expressions for functions with two operations.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Use mathematical reasoning and beginning understanding of tens and ones to solve two-digit addition and subtraction problems.
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - Solve non-routine problems by making a table, chart, or list and searching for patterns.
- Grade 4 - Recognize and use variables.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Solve routine and non-routine problems by acting them out, using manipulatives, and drawing diagrams.
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - Use models to represent division as the inverse of multiplication, as partitioning, and as successive subtraction.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Equations
- Introduced in Grade 2
- Describe and apply equality to solve problems.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - Describe mathematical relationships using equations and visual representations.
- Grade 5 - Use properties of equality to solve numerical and real-world situations.
- Grade 6 - Write, solve, and graph one-step linear equations.
- Solve problems that involve repeated addition.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - Write, solve, and graph two-step linear equations.
Functions
- Introduced in Grade 2
- Recognize and state rules for functions that use addition and subtraction.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - Recognize and write algebraic expression for functions with two operations.
- Grade 5 - Graph and describe continuous data, such as a quantity that changes over time.
- Grade 6 - Work backwards with two-step functions to undo expressions.
Geometry
Note: In the Geometry section the Pre-K and Kindergarten wordings are the same.
- Introduced in Grade Pre-K
- Describe, sort, and re-sort objects using a variety of attributes such as shape, size, and position.
- Grade K - Describe, sort, and re-sort objects using a variety of attributes such as shape, size, and position.
- Grade 1 - Use appropriate vocabulary to compare shapes according to attributes and properties.
- Grade 2 - Solve addition and subtraction problems that involve geometry.
- Grade 3 - Describe, analyze, compare and classify two-dimensional shapes using sides and angles.
- Grade 4 - Describe and determine area and recognize that a unit square is the standard unit for measuring area.
- Grade 5 - Distinguish between two-dimensional figures and three-dimensional solids, including the number of edges, faces, and vertices.
- Grade 6 - Understand pi and its estimates.
- Identify, name, describe, and sort basic two-dimensional shapes.
- Grade K - Identify, name, describe, and sort basic two-dimensional shapes.
- Grade 1 - Compose and decompose plane and solid figures, including making predictions about them.
- Grade 2 - Use geometric models to demonstrate the relationships between wholes and their parts.
- Grade 3 - Connect these ideas to the definition of shapes.
- Grade 4 - Justify the formula for the area of a rectangle "Area = base x height."
- Grade 5 - Find surface area and volume of prisms without formulas.
- Grade 6 - Use values of pi to estimate and calculate the circumference and area of circles.
- Identify, name, describe, and sort three-dimensional shapes.
- Grade K - Identify, name, describe, and sort three-dimensional shapes.
- Grade 1 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - Build, draw and analyze two-dimensional shapes from several orientations.
- Grade 4 - Use appropriate measures and tools to estimate and solve real-world area problems.
- Grade 5 - Identify and plot ordered pairs in the first quadrant only.
- Grade 6 - Find perimeters and areas of composite two-dimensional figures, including semi-circles.
- Interpret the physical world with geometric shapes.
- Grade K - Interpret the physical world with geometric shapes.
- Grade 1 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - Compose, decompose, and transform polygons, including concave and convex with three, four, five, six, eight, or ten sides.
- Grade 4 - Classify angles using benchmark angles (i.e. 45, 90, 180, and 360).
- Grade 5 - Use the formula for area of a rectangle to derive formulas for areas of parallelograms, triangles, and trapezoids.
- Grade 6 - Use given information to find a missing dimension of a plane figure or prism.
- Describe the physical world with geometric shapes.
- Grade K - Describe the physical world with geometric shapes.
- Grade 1 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - Identify and describe basic transformations including figures with line and rotational symmetry.
- Grade 5 - Use the formulas to find the areas of parallelograms, triangles, and trapezoids.
- Grade 6 - Find area or volume of plane figure or prism.
- Describe the physical world with corresponding vocabulary.
- Grade K - Describe the physical world with corresponding vocabulary.
- Grade 1 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - Identify and build 3D objects from 2D objects and vice versa.
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Use basic shapes, spatial reasoning, and manipulatives to model objects in the environment and to construct more complex shapes.
- Grade K - Use basic shapes, spatial reasoning, and manipulatives to model objects in the environment and to construct more complex shapes.
- Grade 1 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Measurement
- Introduced in Grade K
- Compare and order objects indirectly or directly using measurable attributes.
- Grade 1 - Measure by using iterations of a unit and count the unit measures by grouping units.
- Grade 2 - Solve addition and subtraction problems that involve measurement.
- Grade 3 - Select appropriate units, strategies and tools to solve problems involving perimeter.
- Grade 4 - Use appropriate measures and tools to estimate and solve real-world area problems.
- Grade 5 - Compare, contrast, and convert units within the same dimension.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Demonstrate an understanding of the concept of time.
- Grade 1 - Compare and order objects according to descriptors of length, weight and capacity.
- Grade 2 - Estimate using standard units to partition and measure lengths of objects.
- Grade 3 - Measure objects using fractional parts of linear units such as 1/2, 1/4, and 1/10.
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - Approximate using different measurements to increase precision of measurement.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Introduced in Grade 2
- Describe the inverse relationship between the size of a unit and number of units needed to measure a given object.
- Grade 3 - Tell time to the nearest minute and to the nearest quarter hour, and determine the amount of time elapsed.
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Apply the Transitive Property when comparing lengths of objects.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Identify time to the nearest hour and half hour.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Identify, combine, and compare value of money in cents up to $1 and in dollars up to $100, working with a single unit of currency.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Measure weight/mass and capacity/volume of objects, including the use of the appropriate unit of measure.
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Statistics
- Introduced in Grade Pre-K
- Represents and analyzes data using charts and graphs.
- Grade K - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 1 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - Construct and analyze frequency tables, bar graphs, pictographs, and line plots from data.
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - Construct and analyze line graphs and double bar graphs.
- Grade 6 - Determine measures of central tendency including mean, median, mode, and range (variability).
- Introduced in Grade 5
- Differentiate between continuous and discrete data, and choose ways to represent it.
- Grade 6 - Select appropriate measures of central tendency to describe a data set.
Problem Solving
- Introduced in Grade Pre-K
- Child demonstrates the concept of ordinal position with concrete objects (e.g., children or objects). Through the 5th.
- Grade K - Solve problems including those involving sets up to 20.
- Grade 1 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - Use and describe models for multiplication in problem-solving situations.
- Grade 5 - Solve non-routine problems using various strategies including "solving a simpler problem" and "guess, check, and revise."
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Introduced in Grade K
- Solve word problems involving simple joining and separating situations.
- Grade 1 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 2 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 3 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 4 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
- Grade 5 - Interpret solutions to division situations, including ones with remainders, in the context of problem.
- Grade 6 - No Skill Specified: Fair Game Principle
Adapted from the Math Strands Trace K-8; Big Ideas Learning, LLC
